‹ Back

Η Αξία του Προσώπου στη Σκιερή Πλευρά της Ζωής: Αναπηρία, Ασθένεια και η Αναζήτηση του Νοήματος - Pemptousia

🌐 Quote shown in the original Greek — English translation below

… άνθρωπος που ασθενεί ή ζει με αναπηρία κινδυνεύει να αντιμετωπισθεί όχι ως πρόσωπο, αλλά ως απόκλιση από το κυρίαρχο πρότυπο της παραγωγικότητας.

Απέναντι σε αυτή την ωφελιμιστική θεώρηση, η Ορθόδοξη θεολογία προτείνει μια εντελώς διαφορετική αντίληψη για την ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη. Η αξία του ανθρώπου δεν θεμελιώνεται στις ικανότητές του ούτε στη λειτουργική του κατάσταση, αλλά στο γεγονός ότι δημιουργήθηκε «κατ’ εικόνα και καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν» Θεού (Γεν. 1,26). Η ανθρώπινη αξιοπρέπεια αποτελεί οντολογικό και όχι λειτουργικό χαρακτηριστικό. Δεν αποκτάται ούτε χάνεται ανάλογα με την υγεία, την ηλικία ή την κοινωνική χρησιμότητα, αλλά αποτελεί αναφαίρετο δώρο του Δημιουργού.

Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, ιδιαίτερη σημασία αποκτά η θεολογία του Μητροπολίτου Περγάμου Ιωάννη Ζηζιούλα (1994), ο οποίος ανέδειξε ότι ο άνθρωπος δεν εξαντλείται στη βιολογική …

For · human dignity
Sentiment: positive

The quote asserts that human value is rooted in being created in the image and likeness of God.

🇬🇧 English translation

The Value of the Person in the Shadow Side of Life: Disability, Illness, and the Search for Meaning - Pemptousia

We live in an era in which human value is increasingly evaluated in terms of efficiency, productivity, and functional competence. Modern society exalts autonomy, efficiency, and continuous self-improvement as supreme ideals, resulting in human dignity often being identified with an individual's ability to produce, meet the demands of daily life, and maintain an image of constant well-being. Within this framework, illness, disability, chronic suffering, and biological decay are experienced not only as personal trials but also as forms of social failure.

This pathology of our age is aptly described by sociologist Alain Ehrenberg (1998), who points out that modern man is crushed under the demand to be constantly capable, self-sufficient, and efficient, resulting in weakness ceasing to be considered a part of the common human experience and being transformed into personal guilt. Simultaneously, German philosopher Byung-Chul Han (2015) describes modern reality as a "society of achievement," where continuous self-improvement and forced positivity leave little room for the acceptance of vulnerability, pain, and mortality. Within such a culture, a person who is ill or living with a disability risks being treated not as a person, but as a deviation from the dominant norm of productivity.

In opposition to this utilitarian view, Orthodox theology proposes a completely different conception of human existence. The value of a human being is not founded on their abilities or their functional state, but on the fact that they were created "in the image and likeness" of God (Gen. 1:26). Human dignity is an ontological rather than a functional characteristic. It is neither acquired nor lost according to health, age, or social utility, but is an inalienable gift from the Creator.

In this context, the theology of Metropolitan Ioannis Zizioulas of Pergamon (1994) takes on special significance, as he highlighted that man is not exhausted in his biological existence. The person is not identified with the individual as a biological unit, but is realized within relationship, freedom, and love. Existence is not isolated self-sufficiency but communion, and a person truly exists only when in relationship with God and with their fellow human being.

This view is decisively deepened by Archimandrite Sophrony Sakharov through his teaching on the Hypostatic Principle, as reflected in his work "Let Us See God as He Is" (2007). For Saint Sophrony, the hypostasis constitutes the deepest foundation of human existence. It is not a psychological or social attribute, but an eternal and unrepeatable reality that makes every human being unique before God. Human existence is destined for personal communion "Face to Face" with God, the "Existing One," and within this relationship, one's true identity is revealed.

Particularly important is the emphasis Saint Sophrony places on the fact that every human hypostasis carries within it the entire "whole Adam," that is, all of humanity. Studying the life and teaching of his spiritual father in the work "Saint Silouan the Athonite" (1996), Fr. Sophrony highlights how the person is not limited to themselves but encompasses a universal dimension, as they are called to love and include within their heart every suffering human being. Personal existence is completed when it becomes a bearer of this catholic love that embraces the whole world.

Within this perspective, illness and disability cannot alter the essence of the human being. They may limit biological functions or reduce functional independence, but they do not touch the hypostatic identity. Even a person in complete immobility, in deep dementia, or who has lost the ability for verbal communication continues to be a unique and eternal hypostasis. Their value does not depend on what they can do, but on what they are.

In the same spirit moves Fr. Georges Florovsky (1992), who emphasizes that human nature maintains its sanctity even within decay, because Christ Himself assumed the whole of human nature through His Incarnation. The flesh that decays ceases not to be a bearer of the divine image, nor does it cease to be an object of God's saving love.

This theological truth does not remain an abstract theoretical formulation but is revealed practically in the life and work of Jesus Christ. Throughout the Gospel, Christ approaches people on the social margins not as problems to be solved, but as persons of inestimable value, overturning the dominant perceptions of the era that linked illness to sin or divine abandonment.

A characteristic example is the healing of the man born blind (John 9:1–7), where Christ categorically rejects the causal logic of His disciples, presenting disability not as punishment, but as an opportunity for the manifestation of God's glory ("that the works of God might be displayed in him"). With this response, not only is the man's vision restored, but also his wounded dignity.

Equally revelatory is the healing of the paralytic of Capernaum (Mark 2:1–12), where Christ first offers the forgiveness of sins, showing that healing concerns the whole person, while simultaneously highlighting the faith of the community that carries him. In the healing of the woman with the issue of blood (Luke 13:10–17), who had experienced physical hardship and social invisibility for eighteen years, Christ restores her to the fullness of relationship by calling her a "daughter of Abraham" and returning her stolen identity.

Finally, in the healing of the leper (Matt. 8:1–4), Christ transcends the social boundary of isolation and touches him before even healing him. As Saint John Chrysostom points out, with this touch, Christ heals not only the body but also the trauma of rejection, returning the person to the experience of being loved.

This evangelical view takes on special importance when we approach the modern realities of chronic illness, severe disability, and the final stages of life, where the question of dependency arises. Although modern society treats dependency as a loss of value because it deifies absolute autonomy, philosopher Paul Ricœur (1990) emphasizes that human ethical existence is founded on the ability to give and receive care, as vulnerability is a structural characteristic of the human condition.

Therefore, a person suffering from advanced dementia, cerebral palsy, or in the final stage of an illness is no less a person. As theologian and sociologist John Swinton (2012) points out, a person's identity in dementia does not depend on their own memory, but on the fact that they remain inscribed in the memory of God and in the relationship of love of the community that surrounds them.

This theological understanding meets the scientific mission of Occupational Therapy in a particularly fertile way. Occupational Therapy is not merely a technique for the rehabilitation of motor deficits, but a science that seeks ways for the human being to continue participating in life with meaning. Pioneers of the science, such as Elizabeth Yerxa (1993), highlighted active participation as a fundamental element of existence, while Gary Kielhofner (2008), through the MOHO Model, emphasized that a person constructs their identity through occupations, habits, roles, and daily choices.

At this point, a deep and essential meeting emerges between occupational science and the theological view. Using different conceptual languages, both approaches refuse to limit the human being exclusively to the outline of their biological limitations or the dry recording of their deficits. The MOHO Model recognizes behind the dysfunction an active subject seeking motivation, role, and meaning, while Orthodox Theology recognizes in that same subject an unrepeatable bearer of the image of God, a unique Person fashioned for communion. Thus, the occupational practice transcends the limits of a simple technical rehabilitation and turns into an essential ministry: an effort to safeguard the space where the vulnerable person can continue to relate, express themselves, and participate meaningfully in life.

Consequently, occupational intervention—whether it concerns the adaptation of an object or the modification of the environment—is not a mere technical act. It seeks the person behind the injury and the diagnosis, allowing them to remain an active bearer of meaning even when full recovery is impossible.

The meeting between theology and therapeutic practice also redefines the very concept of the Church. Fr. Georges Florovsky (1992) characterizes the Church as the true "hospital" of humanity, where wounded human nature is led to healing through the communion of love. As Archimandrite Sophrony develops in his two-volume work "Building the Temple of God" (2010), ecclesial formation is not based on secular structures, but on the spiritual building of persons connected by the bond of love and mutual service.

In this perspective, caring for the suffering is not an act of superiority or pity from a distance, but an organic act of ecclesial building and the meeting of persons. True love expands the heart so that it can hold the pain of the other as its own. When a family, a healthcare professional, or a community stands with respect beside a vulnerable person, they practically reveal a different perception of human value, witnessing that dependency and illness do not cancel the person, but reveal the truth that the human being is completed within relationship.

Modern society has an urgent need to redefine the way it views human life. If our value depends only on productivity and achievement, then we are all condemned to fear the moment of our weakness. Conversely, the theological perspective of the Person offers a liberating truth: a human being has value even before proving anything, simply because they are loved by God. The decay of the body does not abolish the beauty of existence, illness does not erase the sanctity of the person, and the loss of functions does not mean the loss of meaning.

Ultimately, the shadow side of life—illness, disability, and decay—is not the end of the human story. In the light of the Resurrection, pain does not have the last word. Christian hope witnesses that every tear can be transformed and every human existence, even the most fragile, remains destined for the fullness of life. Because a person is not valuable because they can achieve or produce; they are valuable because they are a person. And the person, within the Orthodox theological experience, is always a mystery of love, an unrepeatable call to eternity.

‹ Back