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Ο Μάνης Χρυσοστόμου για την τιμή προς την Υπεραγία Θεοτόκο - Pemptousia

🌐 Quote shown in the original Greek — English translation below

… 1, 48).

Ἐκεῖνο, βεβαίως, στὸ ὁποῖο κυρίως ἡ Παναγία ἔχει ξεπεράσει ὅλες τὶς γυναῖκες τοῦ κόσμου, εἶναι τὸ ὅτι ἀνεδείχθη «σκηνὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Λόγου». Ἀξιώθηκε, δηλαδή, νὰ ὑπηρετήσει τὸ Μυστήριο τῆς θείας Ἐνανθρωπήσεως, νὰ γεννήσει τόν Υἱόν καί Λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ, τόν Χριστό. Αὐτό εἶναι τιμὴ ὑψίστη καὶ μοναδικὴ στὴν ἱστορία τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος. Καί ἡ Παναγία, μόνη ἀπ’ ὅλες τὶς γυναῖκες ἀξιώθηκε νὰ βαστάσει «τὸν βαστάζοντα πάντα» καὶ νὰ Τὸν γαλουχήσει.

Ἔπειτα ὀνομάζουμε τὴν Παναγία Θεοτόκο καὶ ὄχι Χριστοτόκο, γιατὶ ὁ ὅρος «Θεοτόκος» εἶναι πληρέστερος τοῦ «Χριστοτόκος», ὁ ὁποῖος ἀφήνει ἀδιάκριτη καὶ ἀκάλυπτη τὴν θεία φύση τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ἡ ἐν Ἐφέσῳ Γ΄ Οἰκουμενική Σύνοδος (431μ.Χ.) ἀνεκήρυξε τὴν «ἁγίαν Παρθένον Θεοτόκον, γεγέννηκε γὰρ σαρκικῶς σάρκα γεγονότα ἐκ Θεοῦ Λόγον». Τὸ ἴδιο καὶ ἡ Δ΄ Οἰκουμενική Σύνοδος ἐν Χαλκηδόνι (451μ.Χ.) …

For · Panagia
Sentiment: positive

The quote emphasizes the unique honor of the Panagia in carrying the one who sustains all.

🇬🇧 English translation

Manis Chrysostomos on the Honor Due to the Most Holy Theotokos - Pemptousia

After the God-man Savior and Redeemer of the world, our Lord Jesus Christ, the sweetest form for faithful Christians is the face of the Most Holy Theotokos.

From the first moment the name of the Panagia (All-Holy) is mentioned in the Holy Scripture, it is surrounded with extraordinary honor. From her birth until even her Dormition, everything is a sacred feast for the fullness of the Church, just as the Theotokos herself prophesied: "From now on all generations will call me blessed" (Luke 1:48).

That, of course, in which the Panagia has primarily surpassed all women of the world, is that she was revealed as the "tabernacle of God and the Word." She was worthy, that is, to serve the Mystery of the divine Incarnation, to give birth to the Son and Word of God, Christ. This is a supreme and unique honor in the history of humanity. And the Panagia, alone among all women, was worthy to carry "Him who sustains all" and to nurse Him.

Furthermore, we call the Panagia 'Theotokos' (God-bearer) and not 'Christotokos' (Christ-bearer), because the term "Theotokos" is more complete than "Christotokos," which leaves the divine nature of Christ indistinct and unrevealed. The Third Ecumenical Council in Ephesus (431 AD) proclaimed the "holy Virgin Theotokos, for she has given birth in the flesh to the Word of God from God." The same, and the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon (451 AD), speaks of the Theotokos and not "Christotokos." It refers specifically to our Lord Jesus Christ, emphasizing the more dogmatic term "Theotokos" as follows: "In the latter days, for our sake and for our salvation, she was born of Mary the Virgin, the Theotokos, according to humanity."

She is also called and is ever-virgin. "Ever-virginity" is the virginity of the Theotokos before childbirth, during childbirth, and after childbirth. As the Holy Scripture testifies regarding the time of conception and pregnancy, the Theotokos was a virgin. Regarding the Annunciation of the Theotokos, the Evangelist Luke states: "Mary said to the angel, 'How will this be, since I am a virgin?' And the angel answered her, 'The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy, the Son of God'" (Luke 1:34-35), and the Evangelist Matthew writes: "The birth of Jesus Christ took place in this way: when his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit" (Matt. 1:18). Because of the supernatural divine conception (the absence of man's cooperation in the conception of Christ), the Theotokos remained incorrupt. Similarly, during the birth of Christ, she did not undergo virginal corruption. Her virginal childbirth was sealed by the continuous preservation of her virginity, which was personally guarded by the Theotokos herself. "She never approached a man until her death."

The righteous Joseph remained with her only as a husband by law, without conjugal relations, by divine Will and Providence for the protection of the Holy Mother Mary and the Divine Child. The Panagia remained the "Closed Gate," as the prophecy of Ezekiel beautifully states: "This gate shall be shut; it shall not be opened, and no one shall pass through it, because the Lord, the God of Israel, will enter by it" (Ezek. 44:2). This is the dogma of the ever-virginity of the Panagia.

Subsequently, with this our Encyclical, we wish to highlight certain matters worthy of much attention.

a). As is known, in our Church we have Holy Services for the Panagia. Chief among them is the Akathist Hymn, otherwise known as the "Salutations to the Theotokos," that masterpiece of the Byzantine era, which is primarily chanted on Fridays of Great Lent. Then, there are the two Paraklesis Canons. We have the Small Paraklesis Canon, a poem by the God-supported, learned monk (9th century), and the Great one, a poem by the pious Emperor Theodore II Laskaris – Vatatzes (13th century). Both of these wonderful Canons should be recited, and not only the Small one, especially now during the mid-August period. Also, in the Apodeipnon, we have the wonderful prayer to the Most Holy Theotokos: "Immaculate, undefiled...", as there are also other prayers and troparia.

As for the Epitaphios hymn on the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, otherwise known as "Encomiums," there is a relevant prohibitive Encyclical from the Holy Synod, dating back to 1865. Additionally, the priest must be careful in the correct pronunciation of the 3rd Ode of the Theotokos, which is as follows: "Honoring the Theotokos and mother of the light, we magnify." It is an error to use the accusative "mother" (miteran) and instead of "of light" (fotos), to say "of God" (tou Theou).

b). Regarding the subject of the iconography of the Panagia and the various representations. Much attention is needed here. We shall not place icons of the Panagia indiscriminately and randomly on the walls of the Holy Temple. Her main positions are the Beautiful Gate (to the left of the Iconostasis) and the Apse of the Sanctuary. Thus, on the right side of the Beautiful Gate is always the icon of Christ, and on the left, the Panagia. In the apse of the Holy Sanctuary, above, the Panagia again holds her place as "Platytera of the Heavens" (More Spacious than the Heavens). The apse, according to the symbolic meaning of Orthodox architecture, symbolizes the point that unites the earth (floor) with the heaven (dome). Thus, the Panagia contributed to the reunification of the earth with the heaven, of humans with God, and became "the bridge that carries those from earth to Heaven."

Of course, there are other representations of the feasts of the Panagia, such as the Nativity, the Entry, the Annunciation, the Dormition, and other icons with beloved themes such as the Deesis, the Hodegetria, the Panagia of the Passion, the Glykophilousa (Sweet-Kissing), the Pantobasilissa (Queen of All), and many other wonderful and miraculous ones that exist in Mount Athos and in so many pilgrimage sites of our homeland. A supreme spiritual blessing. However, I point out to you that regarding iconography, we will watch for any paradoxes, exaggerations, or representations of sensationalism that do not align with the Holy Tradition of the Church and which often reach the limits of irreverence. For this reason, whenever icons are to be hung on the walls of temples or placed in the iconostasis for veneration, you will first receive the advice and approval of the Metropolitan.

c). Regarding the fast of mid-August. During the first centuries, the period of this fast was divided into two parts: that which preceded the feast of the Transfiguration of the Savior and that of the Dormition of the Theotokos. The fast for the feast of the Transfiguration lasted from August 1st to August 5th. Later, during the 10th century, the fast of the Transfiguration was merged with that of the feast of the Panagia, which is already attested since the 7th century.

Thus, in our Holy Tradition, we have the mid-August fast in honor of the Panagia. It should be noted that if the feast of the Dormition falls on a Wednesday or Friday, only then is the lifting of the prohibition on fish (but not meat) permitted, as some say by reason of the feast of the Panagia.

d). It is an indisputable fact that the Panagia is tied to our people as well as to the struggles of the Nation. We would say that only in Greece is the Panagia worshipped and honored properly with tears, with kneeling, with pain, with faith, with hope, with love, and with a lit candle. There is no place where there is not a small or large temple of the Panagia. Therefore, I urge you all, first in your homes but also elsewhere—in schools, public services, shops—to have an icon of our Mother Panagia. Do not forget that the Panagia "did not abandon the world" despite her Dormition. She protects us and helps us. She is truly the mother of us all. As a Mediatrix, she is in the heavenly Jerusalem at the right hand of her Son and intercedes for us. She, as a Mother, understands our pain, sees our trials, hears our petitions, and hastens to our side. She is "more honorable than the Cherubim and incomparably more glorious than the Seraphim."

Therefore, honor as you should, with faith and piety, the Most Holy Theotokos, who is the only hope and refuge after God. After all, do not forget, the phrase "My Panagia" encompasses and says it all.

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